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The Night Sky Podcast | Hesperus And The Summer Triangle
Hello, and thank you for listening to this episode of the night sky podcast. My name is Billy Newman. And I’m Marina Hansen. And we’re really happy to be back again, this week, one more time to do a little bit of a rundown of the news. And some of the cool observations that we’ve been making of the night sky. The summer sky right now here in July, in the Northern Hemisphere has been really cool. There’s a lot of stuff going on. It’s just always good observation, weather, right? Like we get to go out every night, we can see more stuff. And the Milky Way’s making it up pretty high in the sky now. So that’s pretty cool to get to go out and see every night, but there’s a lot of cool stuff like in the south sky, with Sagittarius Scorpio and the planets that are out. So it’s been cool just to go out and kind of see the progression night over night. A lot of fun doing that with you.
Yeah, it’s been really fun having some summer weather, some clear skies. observation,
I want to do more like telescope observations with Yeah,
I do, too. I really what I really want to do, I want to do telescope observations. But I also want to get a pair of binoculars. Oh, yeah, I think that’d be really fun. You know, I
think that binoculars would be the way to go for us. And I think that’d be really cool to get into some of the deep sky objects that we will be able to see with that, definitely, there’s a lot of cool stuff, cooler stuff, maybe that you can do with a steady telescope. But I’ve heard of a lot of cool stuff that you can do really interesting things that you can observe with a good set of binoculars that are sort of set up for astronomy. And there’s a few features of those binoculars that are better than than others like the the hunting binoculars that you get that you stash in the pickup truck, this 10 by 15, those have a narrow angle of view and you Marina know this from doing all the photography stuff that we’ve been doing is that angle of view is really important. If it’s like really wide out, like what we get with with a wide angle lens. Or if it’s like really tight in like what we get with a compression lens. So it was 10 by 15, or a pretty small angle of view that you get to see which makes it harder to view the stars and deep sky objects, or more interesting features that are in the Milky Way. That’s what’s really fun is you get to go out and like pointed up at the Milky Way. And you can kind of observe all these really dense clusters of stars that you really aren’t able to see otherwise.
Yeah, that’s what I was hearing, or reading the Milky Way is especially cool to look at with binoculars. For that reason,
I’d really like to do that the fall sky is really cool for that, which give props for that and go out for it. But I know like, in the fall, when it gets really dark, it gets kind of dark early, but like the beginning of October, like you know. And I remember my dad and I would go out and we’d take a look at up in Cassiopeia and danda, Capella, and all those stars in there and you try and find like the Andromeda Galaxy out there with your binoculars, it’s kind of fun, you can kind of do it, but it’s like a little Wisp. That’s a whole other galaxy. That’s cool. But it’s a lot of fun. There’s a lot of stuff like that. I mean, like a cluster of stars or, or a nebula or something like that other things you can kind of make out. And it’s pretty fun when you get to find it. Like hey, that is different. That’s cool. So we should definitely check out some binoculars. Yeah, I think it’d be fun. The other best part of that is like we’re used to hand holding binoculars. But that makes it really difficult when you’re trying to look at stars because everything moves around so much. It’s like if you had to hold the telescope up out in front of you, and try and make observations that Jupiter the planets or whatever it is, that’d be kind of difficult to do. So I guess what they make for you is these tripods that are for binoculars or, or binocular mounts just for your tripod. Maybe we can try and find that since we already have a good tripod. I don’t know, it might be a different thing, though. It’d be cool. Yeah, if we can just steady the binocular somewhere and then, like, get a chance to make observations with those, that’d be really cool. I’m sure they have tons of these accessories and stuff on some little telescopes I yeah, we should look into some binocular accessories, binocular stuff, get to do it. Yeah, be really cool. If you have some oculars, you can go out tonight, since it’s July, you’re probably gonna have some good viewing weather. And you can take a look at the moon, it’s gonna be up in Scorpio tonight, it’s really gonna be cool. In fact, that will probably be I mean, it would be really interesting with the naked eye and you’ll be able to observe all this but it’d be even cooler with a set of binoculars or a way to kind of zoom in on some of the stuff or to isolate some of it in your field of view. But tonight, like when we’re reading, the moon is going to be in Scorpio. And that’s gonna be really close to Antares that that bright red star Saturn. I think it’s like a little line of those three, right? Yeah, I think they’re kind of little loosely stacked. It’s closer than they’re going to be. I think at any other time. For the next month, maybe. Maybe, maybe, you know, actually, I think I bet a month from now. It’s going to be even more spectacular because we’re gonna see, we’re gonna see Saturn, Mars and Antares in a row. They’re, they’re all going to be clustered together. Then this next cycle, the moon is going to pass through Scorpio at almost that same spot. So we’re gonna see all four of those bright objects and a real close cluster in the sky together. Now, it’ll be kind of interesting, you know, because it’s a rare thing. It doesn’t happen all the time. And it will only be that time in the cycle the year that we’ll get to see it like that. So it’d be fun. Yeah, that’ll be a good observation make. Yeah, it’d be really cool. I think that’d be I guess. What is it the 15th now, so it’ll be like the week after the proceed meteor shower. That’s coming up, too. Oh, yeah. Yeah. So. So yeah, we should try and look for that. It’ll be fun to try and spot out. Some of that stuff coming up next month. But But yeah, for tomorrow. Well, for tonight, we have the stuff with the moon. The moon is going to be in Scorpio. I think tonight, tomorrow night, and it’s going to drift off into Sagittarius, which is going to be really cool. And I think we’re going to get a full moon. Right after that. I think it’s I think it’s like the 19th. Yeah, so just for three, four days. Yeah. Really soon. Yeah. So just a couple more days, we got the full moon. That’s probably just past Sagittarius and Capricorn that we get the full moon for July, which I think we might be the most southern moon of the year. Oh, really? Yeah, if you get a chance, we should check it out. We might probably missed it by not judging it against the June moon. And since the June moon would have been so close to the solstice, it may perhaps have been at that time. But what you’ll notice is that the location if you if you’re out in your local area, like for us, we’re at the what is it like the 48th parallel 45th parallel is somewhere near there, up from the equator. And what what that means that throughout the year, we see a lot of motion, as we kind of rock back and forth and the tilt of the axis that causes the change in the seasons that we have.
And so at this time, I think we talked about before, like episode six, or seven or something about the motion of the moon throughout the year. And what we’re going to see is that at this time, when our sun is at the solstice, at its furthest North Point, when it rises in the morning, and it sets at its furthest North Point when it sets in the morning. The moon does opposite of that. And what we see is that during the month that the sun rises that it’s for this North Point, we see the moon rise at its furthest South point, which is cool. That’s cool. That’s interesting. It’s opposite like that. Yeah. And it’s, I think it’s part of the part of the rotation of the ecliptic line. And that’s something I really well, we’ll have to look at it more and more, it’s kind of confusing to understand. But right now as we look at to the ecliptic, we’d be looking almost do South like tonight, when we look into the southern sky, we’re going to look at Scorpio and Sagittarius and those are going to be deep in the south for us right on the horizon line. In the winter, though, what we notice is that that ecliptic line rises much further north, or toward the zenith toward the highest point in the sky. And so that’s when we look like when we look at to Orion, Orion is below the ecliptic line right now we can’t see below the ecliptic line. That’s that’s cut off, you know by by Scorpio or so we can’t see further past that to the southern hemisphere stars. But like we’re talking about in the wintertime we can see Taurus really high in the sky, Gemini almost straight up in the sky. Leo’s also really high in the sky. And then it starts to shift. And as we come as, as the earth kind of tilts up for us in the Northern Hemisphere to give us summer. Then we see the ecliptic line go further south on us. It’s really interesting how that goes. And we kind of see that rotation wobble throughout our day, too. It’s really interesting. I haven’t had explained it all. But it’s really cool how that how that happens. But yeah, July I think is going to be one of the furthest South points that you’re gonna see a rise of the full moon. And you can kind of you can watch it. I guess I would watch it against next month to watch it show up further and further north in relationship to your location on Earth. It’d be cool. Yeah, that’d be cool. So other stuff that we got going on, is the Venus mercury conjunction. And I don’t know if we talked about this on the last podcast, I think we mentioned in the pre show, right is that Venus is going to become a backup and like, I guess that headline says is that Mercury is going to be popping back up into the picture too. And I’m really excited to try and observe that with you right now. And this is going to be the tricky thing is like I think you were you were checking us out is that it’s not going to be up for very much time. It’s going to be very close to the to the western horizon. So it’s going to be Chasing the Sun really quickly after sunset.
Yeah, that’s right. It’ll be a little bit tricky to see. But if you time it right, yeah, and if you have binoculars, binoculars can help with that too.
Yeah, it You definitely would help and I think But the biggest thing is going to be getting yourself into the right location where you can see a clear view of the western horizon. That’s, that’s not too hazy, that’s a tough thing, especially in the summer months, and especially in these flatter areas. A, there’s a lot of dust that kicks up in the far in the distance, right? That Do you know, when we’re out in the desert, and it’s really flat, you can look out 200 miles, but that 200 miles of atmosphere that you’re looking through, has forest fires in it, as dust in it and other atmospheric things going on in it. And so you get this kind of dirty horizon look, like when it’s really close, you know, that that first 20 degrees or so the horizon line is, is it was hazy. And we did that here, too, you know, even with all the mountains and stuff around. But that hazy effect can kind of, I guess, sort of obscure some of those observations that you’d be able to make of those really near the horizon objects that might be a little bit more dim. Now, these really aren’t necessarily dim, what we have is Venus, showing up right now, at a magnitude of negative 3.9, which is really bright, right? That’s bright. Yeah. And Mars was when we were observing it. So that’s going to be probably easier to spot, it’ll just be difficult because it’s so close to the sun. And that means that we’re really going to be in daylight, or in Twilight, at least for a long period of that. So you’re not going to be looking into a dark sky when you’re trying to find Venus for the first time. So it’s just always a little tricky to try and keep an eye on it. You know how it is when you try and find the first star out at night? Yeah, you can’t, can’t quite it’s there. You can you can see it, you can just barely see Yeah, but it’s easy to lose. And then you can’t you can’t really come back to it. But there’s going to be Venus, that’s a negative 3.9. And then apparently, Mercury is also going to be up. And that’s going to be a negative 1.0. Right now. So it’s going to be pretty, it’s going to be significantly bright. This you should be able to see, it just depends on how close to that horizon it is. And this period of viewing for Venus is really not going to be the best perhaps it’ll kind of go by quickly. It’s kind of a low pass on our horizon and then dip back down. Probably even by the first couple weeks of August might be too difficult to see. Oh, yeah. That’d be pretty quick. Yeah, just a few weeks of it. Yeah. It’s I mean, it’s sort of like a transit of mercury. You know, we were watching that a couple times this year. It’s come up and SAT. But it’s really a three week period. Yeah, it’s really sure it’s gone. They move so quickly, really testing the cycle. faster than you think. Yeah, yeah, it’s interesting to watch how fast those things move around. But the cool thing is, is that if we think of that, that we can see Mercury, we can see Venus up from that. And Leo, we can see Jupiter. And then further over, in Libra. We can see Mars, and then kind of in that area, I guess you can see Uranus, I think you’ll see Uranus there. Might I hope I don’t mix that up with Neptune. Now, I don’t know where that. But Neptune and Pluto are out there, too. They’re all up right now all of the planets that we have all eight other planets, still including Pluto, you can see you could see if you had the proper equipment, which is probably like pretty high powered telescopes, Pluto’s not going to be easy to get that, but you can get the others probably you probably see all of those things in the evening sky during this period of the summer, if you’re able to hit Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Uranus. Well, I guess Neptune as you can find it and then looking over to Saturn on the other side, it would be cool. Well, that’s a lot. Like we talked about, in February about the five planets being up in the evening, or in the morning sky. This is sort of this is sort of six months later, we see the opposite of that. But we still get another period where we get all five visible planets up in the evening sky. School has switched over like that. Yeah, it was kind of cool. It’s cool to watch it, but it’s gonna be a faster transit of both Mercury and Venus this time around. Yeah, it’d be pretty quick. Step three of them again.
Yeah, I think it’d be kind of cool. Oh, and then there’s another piece of news where, you know, do remember earlier we made that episode about Lego, the the gravitational wave Observatory, I do remember that it was really big news at the time is the discovery of gravitational waves, which, which had been predicted by Einstein, but never proven before, most of the astronomy books, listed it as a possibility. But they couldn’t confirm it, there was no proof for it. There’s no observation of anything like it and been believed that we wouldn’t really be able to create a tool to measure these types of characteristics of the universe. So it’s sort of written off for a while that would be either too expensive or too outlandish to try and measure my new changes in Gravity over really big distances of space, but the LIGO Observatory, I think had two locations. One in Washington, one in, like, Arkansas, or Kentucky, somewhere out in the south. And there were these really long tubes that would kind of measure, it’s really complicated. There’s this laser to go back and forth. Since light moves at the speed of light, absolutely, if there’s any change in that distance, there’ll be a change in the measurement of how long it took that light to bounce from one end of this tube to the other end of the tube. And this was considered the way that they would measure these gravitational waves, which would be the actual flexing, or flexing of space time, because of gravity, really interesting. well beyond me, as it goes, I think we talked about it a lot in a podcast, maybe around the episode eight or something like that. But yeah, it’s really cool. So back in, I think September of last year, they recorded their first their first gravitational wave. And then now, they’re announcing that they accounted for their second gravitational wave. And it’s a much more tuned instrument now that they’ve gone through the first one, categorizing it. And now they’re able to detect things that are a little bit less powerful than that first gravitational wave was. So before we were working with, like a 26, solar mass black hole and a 30, something solar mass black hole colliding together, and then creating this gravitational wave that’s rippled across billions of light years of space time. And then this wave is kind of washed through our galaxy. I think they say that last one that I just I just explained, they remember me talking about this Rena, like how it flexed? The width, the 100 100 100,000 light year width of our galaxy, the Milky Way galaxy, by the distance of one thumb across. Hey, so can you help me that’s that it’s such a big space. I don’t even know how to account for something like that. But now, they’ve accounted for the second one. And it was it was less powerful than that. So I think it was like an EIGHT and a seven solar mass black hole that collided together and may have been closer, they say that the signal was stronger than I think lasted for a longer period of time. So they’re able to collect more data about it. But this discovery sort of brings into light some of the, I guess some of the thoughts about the time, excuse me the timing of these types of events. How frequently in the universe, is there a collision of two black holes that have been orbiting each other for a long period of time, and it almost looks like every was six months? I don’t know. How many more they get? Yeah, it will be really, it’d be really interesting field of astronomy and science for the next 100 years, probably, especially if there’s any, any promising leads with the understanding of cosmology, I really think that there will be especially for how much the scientific community is really pushed forward toward using radar telescopes to do a lot of the work that they do these gravitational wave telescopes are going to be very interesting, especially for setting these these really high high level science experiments of black holes and of just kind of breaking down the mechanics of the universe at really high mass values. It’s very interesting. It’s something that I don’t understand a lot. But it’s really cool that we’re able to do it and that and that people, as we’ve been for 1000s of years, like we’re going to talk about in a second, have been observing the sky, and making inferences about how things work. And then now over so much time, we’ve gotten to this place where we can have this level of comprehension as to what’s going on in the universe. It’s really cool. It’s pretty incredible. It’s a really exciting time to learn about astronomy, at a low level for us about learning about sky watching and understanding, at least just more geographically, as we were to talk about the night sky where things are, what are things and sort of a lightweight, it’s interesting, or just kind of peeking my fascination about the stuff that goes on with space and astronomy. It’s really cool. Yeah, it’s been really, thanks for Yeah, thanks for doing this with me, though, it’s been a lot of fun to get to talk about much of the astronomy stuff that we’re into.
Yes. It’s been really cool being more involved with it. And just really just the observations that we’ve been doing have been really nice, going out more often. And really tracking how things were moving. It’s really interesting, how much you can see of what’s happening. Yeah, I’ve
been thinking the same thing that, that since we’ve been making these observations, it’s just been more interesting. It’s been really cool. And it were, I guess, more connected with the weekly passing of time that we’re seeing, and
it gives me a different perspective of how time is passing.
Yeah, yeah, it’s cool. You’re like, Oh, God, that must have been back in May because that’s where Mars assign the southern sky is like, Oh, well, that’s on Mars was, oh, man, Mars was really close to Saturn. It was a Scorpio at that time. That must have been an April because it hadn’t gone retrograde yet. And we’ve been watching the progression of these planets for the period of time and we can identify these types of things. archery sticks in the sky. And I think that’s really cool.
It’s really cool. I like it a lot. And it makes me think about I guess, like, way back in time. And like earlier, astronomers are just early civilization and observations that they made, because I imagine they’re even more in tune than right.
Yeah, can be imagined how I mean, you know, this, like how we, you know, we weren’t in tune to those motions, weeks ago or months ago, right. We’re not, we’re not really paying attention to it. But once we are, it’s obvious, it’s clear, you identify those things. And I think that’s a really interesting perspective that as, as modern people, we’re not able to identify these subtle motions, the way that the earth works, the way that the year passes. And, and sort of the reasons behind why that is. And I think that getting more in tune with that has been really interesting. In fact, there’s, I think, is a really great way to bring up, what we’d been researching a little bit was this idea of the identity of Venus, you know, I’m talking about it’s interesting. So we were just saying in our new section, how Venus is going to be upright, now we’re going to see it in the evening sky. And then there’s this idea that, oh, ancient people, we have this perspective, maybe they didn’t know anything about the sky above them. And there’s, there’s some thought to that. And I think like now, even if you talk to most people, most people, even in a very literate and smart society are quite unaware of the motions and the cycles of the things that happen above them, which is fine, because it’s not germane to business, it’s not germane to the bottom line, or to raising your family, in a lot of ways. Like it maybe would have been back when it was really closely related to you hunting or lifting or having to just hike through an area that you had nothing to do other than look at the sky. Yeah, so maybe that was part of it. But you know, in those cultures that really did start to study astronomy, I really feel and you see in their in their works, that they really have a good understanding, at least at a base level of these mechanics of emotions that were going on. But there’s this interesting story. Have you heard of this? Well, you definitely heard of this. But the audience might not have heard of this about hesperus. And phosphorus is the topic we wanted to bring up. I think it’s really cool. But like asperous, and phosphorus, are these other names for Venus?
The Morning Star and the night sky? Yeah,
yeah. The Morning Star. And the evening star review talking about right. Like, we’re like, all this news is coming out of Turkey right now. Did I talk to you about that? Yeah, you did. Yeah. Leaving the politics out of it. Right now. We were looking at the news, and they’re spreading their flag open, they’re splitting the flag, real wide open over all the people as they’re celebrating that there isn’t a coup or I’m not sure what the what’s happening there. But what they’re pulling open is this Turkish flag or, or this middle eastern flag, and that is the crescent moon and the evening star or and the morning star. That’s, that’s the representation of the crescent, moon, and Venus next to each other is what that flag is. That’s really interesting. And that’s the, the, the symbol of the Islamic faith. Also, like when we look at the star and the crescent, right, it’s, it’s Venus and the moon together. That’s so interesting. Yeah, it’s Yeah, it’s cool. So that’s what they’re spreading out right now over over your cities and stuff and hanging it off their buildings like we were looking at on Facebook Live earlier. It’s kind of interesting that that’s still the way that it is. But in ancient Greece, there was this idea that Venus was not just one planet, or, well, at least there’s this talk of this. And I think we’re going to clear this up in our podcast today, is that if you look at passports and phosphorous, there’s a lot of discussion about how the people in ancient Greece had this idea that Venus wasn’t just one object, it wasn’t proven to be one object, but that the morning star was a different object a different thing than the evening star.
Right. So when you see Venus in the morning, that’s one thing. That’s one, Venus again in the evening. It’s a different object.
Yeah. Yeah, that was the idea. And I think that’s because it’s complicated to observe Venus. And you know, it only shows up differently at different times of the year, it kind of rises above the horizon line in the evening or for the morning. And so I think that that’s kind of part of why that was the case. But really, there’s a lot of good evidence that we were reading about that really demonstrates that that’s not what was understood. Now the Greeks may have had an understanding of this. But as it goes, the earlier society at the Babylonians had a much better comprehension of the motion of Venus. And there’s a good bit of evidence that we were looking at that there still circumpolar stars. And what are your circumpolar stars? Well, so like, since we live in the northwest here, or the northern hemisphere, when we look to the north, let’s say when we look at Polaris, the North Star Star doesn’t set. Right. And I think I think circumpolar means it goes goes around the pole. So probably ever star circumpolar. But I think for this case, what it is, is that a circumpolar star would be a star that we can see the total rotation of. So we can observe that we can observe without that star setting below the horizon line and then dipping back up out of the horizon line. Okay. So I think like, what would it be, I think like, Capella is our furthest North Point for that. Sure. And the further north we go, the more things would be circumpolar. Because we get closer and closer to the pole. I think, well, is that right? Yeah, that would be right, because it right at the equator, everything would rise flat from the west and set flat to the east without this big arc that it makes a route. And so like we’re talking about, since we can look at the North Star, or like the Big Dipper, and we can see that all the way through the year, we see it make a full circle, so the ancient people would have been aware of the circumpolar rotation, also. And that would have been a quick thing to sort of dispute any idea that something transiting from east to west and then setting would be a different object, or would somehow be gone is because we can see them so we can see their their counterparts, these other stars, going in smaller circles. And we can see just down from that, that these others seem to dip below the horizon, and then the backup out of the horizon, again in the West later in the year. Right. So I guess I was kind of thinking that the ancient Babylonians were able to observe Polaris and the Big Dipper, and there’s other stars to the north. And they were pretty clear that stars, you know, move from the eastern horizon and set to the western horizon. And there isn’t a difference. It’s not a different object, when it rises versus when it sets. But really where it comes into play is sort of the mythology of the people. That asperous was the name of God character that was labeled to the identity of the morning star, or excuse me, of the evening, evening star has versus the evening star. phosphorus, on the other hand, is the morning star. And is that also another mythological God character? Yeah, I think it’s another mythological God. It’s complicated. And this is a part of Greek mythology that starts to break down for me. You see, there’s like, there’s Greek mythology, and then sort of translated into Roman mythology. And that’s sort of where we get a lot of the names that we have today. So it’s kind of confusing, because there’s rhenus that we say, and that was Aphrodite. And in Greek, but we’re calling it hospers and phosphorus. So I’m not sure how that comes together. It’s gonna look confusing. Yeah, it’s a little confusing. But, but there’s, there’s another interesting part of that, too. And this, I think, is where we get hospice. I think that’s Roman hesper. So I think, Oh, no, it’s great. Right. Greek is hospice. Yeah. Okay. That’s what it is. Has vs Greek. And then in Rome, when they translated it, it was Vesper. Instead, hesper is Vesper and Vesper means supper. Yeah, so, star, huh. Yeah, that’s cute. Yeah. Oh, it’s dinner time, I think was part of it. In a way there’s, there’s other you know, mythology that you can Wikipedia if you’d like to, but just talking about the mechanics of star that was kind of cool, or like the change of the word over time of Casper is to Vesper to Venus, or some but an end to aspers, Vesper and then supper in some shall, in some dinner time. So that’s kind of a cool, like, interesting way to think about the rotation of Venus. And like the idea that they thought that it was hospers and phosphorus over different periods of time throughout history.
Yeah, so is a is the conclusion that you reached from the stuff that you read that. Basically, the idea is that it was pretty well understood that it was the same thing. It was more. I don’t know what the right word would be. If it was more like,
Dory, its story and its language and a simple way. Like, think for a second if, if 2000 years from now, there’s another culture that speaks another language that’s translated our ideas and our myths and our names for planets in the new things and new pieces. There’ll be real confused if we say, Oh, that’s Venus, and they have whatever their future language name is for. That’s Venus. But then they hear of some common or some writing of ours, it says, that’s the morning star. And that’s the evening star when those words and that type of grammar isn’t used in context for the future language. And it’s almost the same type of circumstance that we’re working with here where we’re talking about English now then pulled back To Latin in Rome and then pulled back to Greek before that. So there’s, like we’ve learned, I guess from my small study of a couple years of high school Spanish, there’s like different conjugations to the way that you speak about things, right? And and different are just slightly different ways that the word comes together. Or maybe one word could mean, the whole phrase of that evening star, something. It’s like a conjugation of that concept versus phosphorus being a conjugation of another form another concept. So I think it’s more of that idea that, like, now we say, the evening star. And that’s clearly Oh, yeah, it’s the evening. It’s the star, of course, on the morning star, but we’re not identifying those as two separate entities, we just have names for them, given that their characteristics for the evening, or being in the evening or being in the morning, are unique to themselves. Yeah, so I think that’s kind of the idea behind it. But it’s kind of it’s kind of a cool thing. There was always the other. I think, when I was looking at passport, passports and phosphorus stuff, there’s really just like a lot of mixed information about it. Wikipedia is not super helpful. There’s some cool, like anthro astronomy texts about it, that I think you can look up to if you want to learn more about ancient Babylonian astronomy, and how they sort of worked stuff out at that time and what they were aware of and what they weren’t aware of. But I never heard of the Hesburgh phosphorus thing before we started really looking into it when we started prepping stuff for this podcast way back. I really didn’t know. Yeah, it’s kind of a cool, a cool little thing. So I think it’s really interesting that asperous and phosphorus were like these two names that are identified in ancient Greece that, you know, talked about just the one object being Venus. And he’s kind of cool that well, at least cool, like looking into it sort of having a better understanding of it now. All right, it’s
Yeah, it’s cool. It’s interesting. Learning about how, how people viewed things or that idea of, yeah, they’re, they recognize this planet. They did, yeah. And they had the name, the things that they called and
similar, like, what we were talking about at the beginning of the segment is that, you know, just over a couple of months of us observing something, making a motion in the sky, you have a way better contextual understanding of what’s happening, or where things are, you’re not confused. Tomorrow night, when Mars is moving back just a little bit, you’ve kind of noticed that notice the progression of the sky, you’re seeing what’s coming up later, or earlier and earlier into the evening that you’re getting stars, it seemed to be further and further back into the east. So you’ve seen that progression of the year, the movement of the earth, as it would be later known to be understood. But it’s just interesting, when you get a little bit better understanding of the rhythm of a year, you’re able to make more clear observations about it. And I think that these ancient people were definitely more able to do that than than what we’re giving them credit for a lot of the time. I think so too. I think that I think they were probably really on top of stuff. Yeah, even in just the lay understanding or like the simple manual, just regular people.
Yeah, you just you see it. Yeah, you see it every day. Even if you’re not like actively trying to understand or pay attention to it. You notice it? I kind of like you. I don’t know, like you notice whether you noticed the weather?
Yeah. Similarly, you know, you’re around it, the sky, and they they didn’t notice this guy. That’s why astrology was studied for such a long time. Yeah. And because they were watching the motion of the planets. And there’s lots of places that did, and lots of places that were aware of that and a really clear way. So I think it’s really cool. I’m glad we get to chat about some hesper is phosphorus stuff.
Yeah, it was really interesting. Learning about a little more.
Yeah. Good time. So Marina, what cool observations that we’ve made. We’ve been out a couple times this week, we’ve been checking out a lot of the stuff on the summer sky. And I’m really excited. I think there’s a lot of cool stuff that we’re gonna talk about in this next segment, some little stars that we can try and find.
Yeah, there’s a we’ve been doing a lot a little evenings out now that the weather has been cleared up. And one of the one of my favorite ones to talk about for summer is the Summer Triangle. Yeah, it was one of the first things I ever learned. Yeah, and that’s a really cool one. It’s a it’s not a constellation, right. It’s an asterism. Yeah. And so, in 1930, I think it was the Was it the International Astronomical Union, those guys, those guys, they defined the 88 constellations that we have in our sky. So the sky is broken up into, like 88 different regions. And the idea is that constellations contain all of the stars that exists. Yeah. And so a good example of this is a really common one, like, Ursa Major, is a constellation that contains tons and tons of stars and It also has the stars that are kind of the primary ones that are kind of the shape that you make out of it. But it contains a lot of stars.
Yeah, everything in that region of space, the whole square footage, if you were to think or cubic space, really, because you think about the depth, everything out from our perspective of Earth out to that to the end of the universe, is what’s contained in that region of space. That’s what’s contained in that constellation, all the deep sky objects that we associate like the galaxies. Well, I mean, I guess you could kind of appropriate those to another body unique to itself. But when you’re classifying its location, you talk about it, and where it is in that constellation. And like you’re saying, like we look at Ursa Major, like you’re talking about, and then we look at the Big Dipper, there’s bright stars, but there’s all those other stars in that space, that region and what’s in the dipper, the milk, right, but all of that those are all part of Ursa Major, the constellation also. But then there’s this asterism, the Big Dipper, or the shape of the bear that we see or the shape of the scorpion that we see in in Scorpio or the teapot we see in Sagittarius. All these things like kind of work like that. Right?
Yeah. So they’re, they’re constellations, which are, which would be Ursa Major, like we just talked about. And then the Big Dipper, which is a constant, an asterism. In the constellation. Yes, the major. And the Big Dipper is just the seven stars. I think it’s seven stars. Yeah, yeah, it’s just the seven. It’s just the seven stars that make up the Big Dipper, but not any of the stars that are in between those stars that are maybe fainter, right. And so that’s kind of that’s the difference between an asterism and a constellation. One of the things about asterisms also, and this is true specifically for the Summer Triangle is that the stars within the asterism can come from different constellations. So in Ursa Major, the Big Dipper is just stars within Ursa Major, right? Yeah, but the asterism the Summer Triangle has three stars, which are from three separate constellations. So
the
the brightest star, or I should say, I should tell you the three stars that are in the Summer Triangle, and I get ahead of myself, so there’s, there’s Vega Yeah, Altair, and NAB. And Vega is the brightest star. And Vega is very bright. And then there’s Altair, which is also a really bright star. Yeah. And that’s the second brightest and the Summer Triangle on the third brightest is NAB. And
they’re really easy to find. easy to find. And they’re, they’re easy to get to early in the evening.
Yeah, the cool thing. So Vega actually is my favorite Star, because it helped me find my favorite constellations. So when I was a kid, I was really into Hercules. I was really into mythology when I was five. And my dad would do astronomy stuff with me, right? You’d like take me out, I would always put out Venus and a couple of the constellations and stuff. But I was really into Hercules. So I’d have him help me find the Hercules constellation. But Hercules is kind of hard to see. I would say it’s hard this year. You don’t really know its
fate. And especially in our area, it’s difficult,
right? And so right below Hercules foot, if you’re looking at Hercules, it’s his left foot. And under his left foot is Vega. And Vega is in the constellation. Lyra, which is my favorite constellation. Yeah, Lyra is from the word leader. And leader is a harp. Right? I played the harp when I was a little kid. So I thought that was cool. That little heart constellation helped me find the Hercules constellation. So I would always use Vega, and the Lyra the heart constellation to find Hercules because it is really bright star. Yeah, they’re really bright
Vega is really bright Vegas. It’s like a bright blue color. versus other things. And that often indicates that it’s a main sequence star, we should we should learn more about this refers. I’m remembering back to early on when, when we first learned about astronomy stuff and about main sequence stars are stars like relatively small main sequence stars burn hotter, and so therefore they burn at higher temperatures and then they burn at higher radiation levels that so our sun shows up as yellow. Whereas these main sequence stars they show up as white hot or they show up as like blue. Ha, that’s how that’s how much more energy they have how much hotter they are. So there that’s where we get serious as a really bright kind of blue White Star we Vega is a really bright, crisp, white, blue start most stars, our main sequence, I think is what they call it main sequence is just sort of the normal track for the progression of a star throughout time. And they burn up faster, in fact than our sun does. Since they’re there. It’s like, it’s like gas mileage on a supercar. Right It’s not very good. It’s a bigger engine, it’s consuming more faster at a higher rate of speed. And so Ours is a little four banger star a little little easygoing Honda Civic star so so it’s got better fuel economy that’s why it gets to last so much longer. before it goes supernova, or whatever it might be later on. So it’s kind of a cool thing about Vega and Altair to like the other star,
right. Yeah. And Altair Altair is so the things about the Summer Triangle that’s kind of cool is that the stars of it’s made up of are the brightest stars of the constellations that that it’s made from? Yeah, so which makes sense of why we’d see it and pick it as an asterism because the brightest but Altair is in the constellation Aquila. Yeah, that’s a cool, that’s the eagle. Yeah. And then we have Lyra which I already mentioned, which was the harp Yeah. And then Jeanette is the brightest star in the constellation Cygnus Cygnus, Cygnus, and Cygnus is the swan.
Yeah, it’s like two birds and that section is like a little a little part of it. Yeah, that’s cool. Yeah, yeah, did NAB is really cool. It’s a very, very pretty star and then I think there was an another star and Cygnus it was cedar or sadder. Is this double star? I might or not, not, not the NAB itself but in the constantly remember when we were looking at the content, the Summer Triangle constellation of Cygnus, I was looking at Cygnus, there’s the NAB, brightest star. The second brightest star on the constellation of Cygnus that we look at in the Milky Way is another star called Seder. Osmo pointed out to you. Oh, yeah. And I think we looked at it a couple summers ago when we were kind of poking around. But yeah, that’s another one. I also remember that if I’m right, I think it was the first. I think the first black hole was discovered in Cygnus. I think it’s Cygnus X one, right. There was like a rush song about it. I don’t know. Yeah. What was Cygnus X one. galactic X ray source. That’s what it is. So I don’t know. I don’t know. It’s a galactic extra source. And not to be a black hole.
Hey, there you go.
I guess it must have. Cygnus probably has some pretty strong stars in it. Yeah, I guess like, or what I was thinking is like dinette is really far away. Rob is really really far away. But it’s very bright. Yeah, it’s what we’re going to talk about. Like, morning, it’s like 1500 light years away, far away. And it’s so bright. Yeah. If you when you are looking at the Summer Triangle later, you can look at the three of them and you’ll see. Vegas, brightest bright figures, the brightest, but all three of them are. Yeah. All three of us. They’re really, they’re very bright. Yeah, it’s very interesting. Yeah, Vega is much closer. Yeah. So there’s dinette that is 1500 light years away. Yeah. And then Vega, the brightest one is only 25 light years, right, which is much closer. So I imagine it’s a lot smaller
Vega we’d almost consider in our local group, like when we talk about serious being eight and a half light years away, right up to 26 or so it’s, you know, there’s, those are the main sequence stars that are in our neighborhood, as it were. It’s kind of cool. It’s cool to talk about in juxtaposition to the NAB being, you know, 1500 light years away. You think, how much more massive is that star? How much bigger is that and it’s still blue, it’s still white height. So they are supermassive star. And that’s really interesting. It’s probably like, I don’t know what 50 to 100 solar masses bigger than ours, which is huge, right? It’s one of the biggest, the biggest and right brightest, you know, stars that we see. But it’s interesting too, because in that area, right when we’re looking at the Summer Triangle, it’s a really great way to identify sort of the barrier of the Milky Way galaxy that’s up above us in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer months, was really cool. I did get to see that especially in dark skies. What you see is the bright points of Vega, Altair and de NAB in those constellations, and then all through there between that what’s making up this constellations is the really rich look of the Milky Way galaxy. Then there’s dust clouds that you can see as a kind of bang. across the sky above us.
Yeah, it’s really cool. That’s, that’s another one of the cool points for the Summer Triangle is that you can use it to find the Milky Way or to locate the Milky. Yeah. So if you’re looking at the Summer Triangle, if you’re looking east, if you’re looking east towards the Summer Triangle, you’re going to look up at it and kind of the top of the triangle is going to be Vega. The brightest one, and then down and a little bit to the left of Vega is going to be Danette. Yeah. And then out to the right from both of those and the one that’s the furthest away and just this goes down. Is Altair, yeah, just just go down.
And here’s cool, you can identify it in the sky pretty easy, because there’s two other stars that are pretty close to it a little bit dimmer, probably second or third magnitude, that are just on either side, up and down from Altair in the middle, and you can kind of find that it’s like, it’s not it doesn’t look like Orion’s belt, but it’s like three tight stars and about that space across. And that’s what’s cool about seeing Oh, hey, there’s Altair, I can see that. You kind of recognize it because of the the context of the stars around it sometimes.
Yeah, that’s pretty cool. Good way to spot it. But yeah, you have Vega, Deneb, and Altair. And then to kind of see where the Milky Way goes through there, it goes. pretty much straight through how you you’d picture. But it crosses between Vega and Altair and then to nab is in the Milky Way.
Yeah, probably dead center when you’re looking at it, which is pretty cool. It’s interesting, when you look at that, that thick wafer of stars and space that’s right there, especially like what we’re talking about. If we did, like binoculars or good binoculars, right, we can look at a lot of that cool, dense texture, the Milky Way galaxy there. And then what’s interesting to say you stay up a few hours later than that, and you look in that same spot space is almost empty. And that location because the Milky Way that dense disk that we’re looking flat into his past is now and now we just be looking out into a way from the disk of the galaxy out into outer space toward all the other galaxies and other things that are much, far further and more distant and more dim that we don’t get to see like later, a few months from now, when we’re looking at to the south, after Scorpio and Sagittarius and all these bright parts of the Galactic Center move past us. What we’re gonna see is like family, and it’s just a really, it’s like a second magnet to start the brightest thing in that whole region of sky until we get into those winter constellations again, later in the air. So it’s a big empty section of the sky that we’re you know, there’s there’s not as much to at least for us as naked, naked eye, Sky observers to really get to see in that area, even the dark sky. Yeah, it’s interesting moves around like that. Yeah, it is pretty interesting. But I think it like we talked about, so we haven’t those summer stars, the summer, the Summer Triangle, but there’s these other summer stars, right, these other bright ones that are up right now that I figured that we should like run through the names of which is kind of like, some context to where they are what you can see. And there’s we did that a little bit in the winter, when we’re talking about the winter hexagon, I think talking about the summer triangles really cool. That’s like that’s one of the best ones to learn when you’re first starting out, I think because it points up with Vega. Kind of pointing westward, you know, if you think of it as an arrows rises, it kind of moves out westward above us. It was kind of cool to watch. You see, I think Vega is one of the stars that gets real close to the zenith point for us here in the Northern Hemisphere, just that, you know, right up above us, like directly up from us at a certain point in the evening. And that’s kind of a cool thing. Do you Did you ever watch them the contact? Yeah, it’s about time ago. Yeah. That’s they’re going to Vega in that movie. Oh, right. Yeah, cuz it’s 26 light years away. It’s closer. Yeah. That’s when I get an app. But yeah, it was cool. I remember like, think because I when I watched the movie when I was little kid in the 90s. I was like, I know where Vegas? Well, it’s outside right now. And then everybody else I talked to has never seen contact and doesn’t care where it is. Anyway. But it’s at now. Okay, I got to do. So the other stars that are up in the sky that I think you guys should definitely get a chance to take a look at at least in the Northern Hemisphere. I’d love to hear from someone in the southern hemisphere, about what they’re able to observe during the summer sky. There’s a lot of stuff I think it’s like all the stuff and like, was it crocs? Oh, yeah, there’s a few other constellations. Well, what is it Centaurus is down there? And that’s got a lot in it. I think right now. It’d be really cool. I’d love to see that section in the sky. someday. We’re gonna We gotta get down to this certain atmosphere in the summertime. Yeah, there’s stuff that’s going on. So right now, I think the furthest West word star that we’d see a spike. And that’s going to be in Virgo. In fact, Virgo is going to be setting soon. That’s the the constellation is going to be in the sun during the month of September.
And so, yeah, Spike is the brightest star that’s in that region there, which is another bright main sequence star. It’s another white star. And that one’s really cool. Well, it’s interesting, because as the summer kind of progresses, we start noticing even now, even in mid July, we really see spike a dropping down to the western horizon pretty quickly after sun sets, you know, it’s not really too deep into the night. But the point that you’re really not able to observe spike for much longer, that is always like that, on that part of the sky. Well, or at least, it seems to be seems to be that like the evening kind of sets those celestial bodies quicker than everything else. And it seems like they’re gone sooner for you. But it’s it’s best viewing period is probably in the springtime when it’s really coming up through the sky. So one of the most interesting things during that period, and then just up from that, like what we’ve seen a handful of times where we looked at the other night is is Arcturus and accuracy is in the constellation of boots, or Botez. I’ve heard too, which is probably a more real translation to whatever it was before, but I always your boots. I just are maybe I read it. When I was looking at boots. I read it, and he was like a goat herder. Something like that. Yeah, it’s really insignificant, little consolation right there. It’s like that. And two other sort of small stars that make the little shape of whatever it’s supposed to be. But really, the only thing that’s important in that area is Arcturus. That’s the brightest one. And I think that’s an orange giant, or red giant, kind of like all Oberon. And like we’ll talk about in a second Antares. Those are like those reddish stars, you kind of look at it tonight, when we go out, we’ll see that it’s got this orange color to it. So it could be like a, an orange giant, which is what I think I think it is. And what do we have written down for our tourists, brightest star in the sky, and 34 light years away. That’s cool. It’s kind of in our local group too. The other cool thing about it is if you’re able to find actors, you’re able to arc over if you kind of make a little circle shape, you’re able to arc over to the Big Dipper, right? And that has like the arc of the handle. And the Big Dipper is what you’re able to see. But it’s kind of a nice, nice way to find a couple things in the evening sky and this in the Northern Hemisphere
here. Yeah, that’s a good one to help you find stuff. It’s really bright.
Yeah. And yeah, actuaries is a really easy one to find that’s helped us out a couple of times, like, figure out what we were like, yeah, that’s our tourists out there. So that must be east. So what are you thinking at the time, I remember that was great. So there’s accelerace. And then to the south of that, if we dropped back down into the constellation of Scorpio, where we’re gonna see there is that real bright first magnitude star that’s red, it seems bright red versus the the context of the stars that are around it. And right now we have Saturn and Mars out there. So it’s kind of it’s adding to the interest in that area. It’s a very interesting section in the sky. Scorpio is one of the most clearly represented asterisms in a constellation, it looks like a scorpion. It looks like as a shape to it. multiple cultures who were separated from each other, all identified that object in the sky. As a scorpion, some others identified it as like a big palm tree that was like leaning out over the water, which I think is a fun one. I think a couple others. What was it called like Napa? Or something like that? And like North Africa, for a period of time was like another name for it. But I think even that was a scorpion, something like that. So yeah, it’s kind of a trippy thing. It’s weird at different places have different understandings of maybe it was Hawaii, that thought it was a palm tree will pop. They don’t have scorpions. Maybe they do. Yeah. I don’t know. But I think it was one of those Island areas that the thought of it it’s like, are like tropical island areas. Right. So they have context that yeah, it was like, well, we’ll coconuts or something on it. Be Cool. Yeah. They’re the star. Antares is the heart of the scorpion is the idea. And it’s like a bright red star. And that’s a super red giant. It’s super far away. I think we’re talking about 520 light years away, which is very distant promise. And that real bright red colors come from it being supergiant or you know, red giant star, which is really cool to get to observe and it’s cool that it’s so bright as it is, but it’s always been one of the most identifiable things in the evening sky, at least for the summer months. While it’s up. That’s what I really think about about Antares but and that’s one of the we’ve always been out to check out you know, when we go out to them. Yeah, nice guy. scrapey is one of my favorite constellations. Yeah. meteors constellation known really constellation, constellation. Yeah, that’s what I always think of it as is, you know, Scorpio being Well, yeah, being born in November. Yeah, yeah, take some time like, Oh, yeah, cool. My cars are the constellation associated with me now looks like was pretty cool, that’s great. I’m amen for that it’s got some cool stars. Yeah, that’s what I thought was cool too. And then out, like what we talked about Vega, Altair de NAB, those are also really bright stars in the sky, kind of toward the west. And then what you’ll notice is that past that like further east of there as the year progresses, the star, there’s not as many bright main sequence stars to observe. So this section of the year and summer is a really great time to get to view a lot of these cool, bright main sequence stars. It’s always like, it’s an interesting, it’s a populated section of the sky. Yeah. And that’s why it’s fun to get out right now and do as much observations as you can. During the summer months.
Yeah, this is a great time. It’s cool how we get to see so much right now. And it’s interesting. And three planets up. Yeah. And 3.4 or five for a few weeks. couple more days. Yeah. Yeah, it’s really, it’s cool. And it’s interesting noticing, as we change through the seasons, that there are parts of the sky that have a lot less Yeah, that we can observe. Yeah, it’s
interesting kind of figuring out how that space sort of works. Takes it takes years, right, six years of trying to like perceive the sky around you to sort of understand that release began to understand the emotions that we’re going through throughout the year.
Yeah, it’s really interesting. I wonder how many years it takes before you like, pretty solidly feel like you know, like, before it was figured out before you already kind of knew that idea kind of figured out. Yeah, I wonder how long, or how many years in a row, you would need to really remember, I cisely.
I, it wasn’t clearly told to me a lot of the times from my own observations over time, I think by the time I was about 16, I started having a more clear understanding just about the number of times that I was able to see it. Yeah, and I was trying to figure it out for a while too. But there’s still a lot of nuance that I’m really not clear on like what we’re talking about of like the the the moon rising the furthest South that it will, why does it do that versus you know, just like the motion of the day and where the ecliptic is, because the sun is still on the ecliptic. It’s just sort of how our day moves about throughout the year. And that’s a really peculiar part that my little mind doesn’t pay enough attention to, at least at this time. So I don’t know. It probably takes years and years before you’re just like, Oh, yeah, I’m really used to how the year is at this time. I’m comfortable. It’s been that way all my life. You see these cycles again, and again, be fun when we’re old. And remember all these, these say, I remember seeing this sort of stuff.
That’ll be really interesting, like 20 years from now.
Well, thank you. So in 20 years, oh, my God, oh, my kinda. Well, we’ll try and put that off for a while. So I think that’s about everything that we have to speak about for, for this extended episode of the night sky podcast. So if we put in some cool extra content in here, I thought we had some cool stories on this one. Yeah, talking about Asperger’s. And Venus being the gravitational waves. The cool first magnitude stars are able to see all the cool stuff about the Summer Triangle above us. That was really fun. That was like the first thing I was learning when I was a kid. It’s really pretty. stuff. Yeah. The Summer Triangle is a great one. Yeah, it’s a good way to kind of get into astronomy. Remember all those? You can watch them all summer.
Yeah. It’s always and it’s really it is very easy to find. Yeah, I can find Vega.
Oh, yeah, it’s just straight up. trip in the Northern Hemisphere. At least it’s like east. Yeah, look east. It’s cool. Well watch it through the year to see what it looks like. As it kind of wraps back We’re like, Oh, is that hey, Vega way out to the northwest. Oh, that looks upside down. And we it’s just weird as it kind of falls to the earring like, Oh, that’s a shame.
I remember last year. having a hard time when it changed right? Or getting confused. Just spin myself around a few times. So I was looking up. Yeah, no, I had a
look out to Altair and you’re like I’ll tear on the horizon. But what just seems twisted out? Yeah, it goes by. And that’s another one of the things about your perspective through the year you’re like, Oh, I didn’t recognize that would do that. It’s interesting. So that’s really cool. That’d be cool to keep keep an eye for the next couple weeks. Got a lot of fun stuff coming up too. We got we got some cool planet observations to make. We’ve got the proceeds coming out. Just a couple of weeks. I’m really sick. We should do some stuff in preparation for that. I know we’re gonna promote. Remember for the first week, we might have a good year this year. I’m not sure though. We might have a bit of a moon but I think late at night. She given like where the moon is tonight. Right? Right. It will set and I think we’re looking at like the 10th ninth 10th I’ve been through the perceive meteor shower in August. So I think the moon’s going to be at an earlier phase and then set earlier in the evening. So for if we’re diehard and we stay up, you know, past midnight, we’re really going to get these dark, bright stars and shooting stars are able to see out to the north east when we’re looking for the Perseids. So that’d be really cool. We should do much. Cool observation prep for that.
Yeah, I think that’d be really cool. I’m always excited for the proceeds.
Yeah, it’s a fun, it’s a fun way it gets everybody out to it’s worth Yeah,
I think just about I think that’s one that most people just that everyone likes to knows that
it’s fun. Yeah, it’ll be really cool. I’m excited to do all this extra astronomy stuff with you, too. Oh, and check out our Facebook page. We just got that set up. It’s facebook.com. forward slash night sky. Well, what is it? I don’t know. It’s night sky.io. You can check it out. Search for us on Facebook, and you’ll definitely find our page. But yeah, we’re ramping it up. I think we’re gonna be doing just more content, posting these podcasts, maybe posting some video stuff, doing some live streaming, if we get that word out. So it’ll be really fun. And we really appreciate everyone taking a few taken a long time for this one and getting through these podcasts, maybe hopefully learning a couple little facts about space in the evening sky that you might not have considered before. Maybe it’s just a little bit of a refresher. I don’t know. But if you have any ideas, thoughts, questions, drop us a comment, send us an email, if you’d like. You can go to our website, it’s night sky.io. I’m sure you can find out some information there about how to contact us. If you’d like to rate review and subscribe to this podcast that would change our world. Maybe a little bit. It’s just a little broadcast. You can subscribe though. Be sweet, and a couple comments or a rating would be fun to have to. So if anybody out there is willing to do it. We’ve got a couple comments before that was fun. Yeah, that’s cool. I appreciate it. I actually, you know is able to, to listen to some of the fun stuff that we get to talk about for for space and astronomy in the night sky above us. So it’s cool. But on behalf of Marina Hanson, my name is Billy Newman. And I want to say thank you very much for listening to this episode of the night sky podcast.